Inside TauTona and Mponeng: The Deepest Gold Mines on Earth
Why South African operators dig four kilometres down for an ounce, the engineering behind it, and what it means for global supply.
Why South African operators dig four kilometres down for an ounce, the engineering behind it, and what it means for global supply.
Ranking the largest single-asset producers in the world and what unites them.
The two largest pure-play gold miners diverge in geography, asset quality, and capital strategy.
Average mined grades have halved in 30 years. Here is what that means for prices and supply.
How a discovery at Sutter's Mill triggered the fastest demographic and monetary expansion in US history.
Up to 20 million people produce roughly a fifth of global gold by hand. Here is the human and political reality.
Norilsk Nickel produces roughly 40% of global palladium and meaningful platinum as a by-product. Sanctions risk has reshaped how the West thinks about PGM supply.
The reef that built Johannesburg, financed an empire, and reshaped southern Africa.
A model that delivers gold price exposure without the operating risk has quietly outperformed the majors for two decades.
Three companies in one country produce more than half the world's platinum. We map the Bushveld players, their shaft depths, and why load-shedding is now a market risk.